Guide
Jobs AI cannot replace
60 jobs have low AI exposure and their employment is not declining. Most require physical presence, a technical skill or human contact: construction, cleaning and maintenance, farming, industry, care.
Key points
- 25 of them are even growing clearly.
- Exposure measures the share of a job's tasks that generative AI can do or help with (ILO, BLS); it does not say whether the job will disappear.
60 jobs with low AI exposure
N°22Dental assistant+7.6%jobs · USAStrong demand: +7.6% jobs in the United States by 2035. AI exposure: very low according to the ILO, low according to the BLS. Employment change in the United States by 2035: +7.6% (BLS).Strong growth294 in totalN°39Physiotherapy assistant+16.7%jobs · USAStrong demand: +16.7% jobs in the United States by 2035. AI exposure: very low according to the ILO, low according to the BLS. Employment change in the United States by 2035: +16.7% (BLS).Strong growth294 in totalN°61Aircraft mechanic+6.6%jobs · USAStrong demand: +6.6% jobs in the United States by 2035. AI exposure: very low according to the ILO, low according to the BLS. Employment change in the United States by 2035: +6.6% (BLS).Strong growth294 in totalN°67Tile setter+9.8%jobs · USAStrong demand: +9.8% jobs in the United States by 2035. AI exposure: very low according to the ILO, low according to the BLS. Employment change in the United States by 2035: +9.8% (BLS).Strong growth294 in totalN°73General farm worker+8.5%jobs · USAStrong demand: +8.5% jobs in the United States by 2035. AI exposure: very low according to the ILO, low according to the BLS. Employment change in the United States by 2035: +8.5% (BLS).Strong growth294 in totalN°82Construction labourer+6.4%jobs · USAStrong demand: +6.4% jobs in the United States by 2035. AI exposure: very low according to the ILO, low according to the BLS. Employment change in the United States by 2035: +6.4% (BLS).Strong growth294 in totalN°159Civil works labourer+4%jobs · USAThis job is hiring in the United States; its exposure to AI is low. AI exposure: very low according to the ILO, low according to the BLS. Employment change in the United States by 2035: +4% (BLS).Changing294 in totalN°86Landscape gardener+4.7%jobs · USAThis job is hiring in the United States; its exposure to AI is low. Manual work found everywhere, with many hard-to-fill vacancies.Changing294 in totalN°98Joiner+3.9%jobs · USAThis job is hiring in the United States; its exposure to AI is low. AI exposure: very low according to the ILO, low according to the BLS. Employment change in the United States by 2035: +3.9% (BLS).Changing294 in totalN°99Carpenter (framing)+3.9%jobs · USAThis job is hiring in the United States; its exposure to AI is low. AI exposure: very low according to the ILO, low according to the BLS. Employment change in the United States by 2035: +3.9% (BLS).Changing294 in totalN°160Handyperson+4.2%jobs · USAThis job is hiring in the United States; its exposure to AI is low. AI exposure: very low according to the ILO, low according to the BLS. Employment change in the United States by 2035: +4.2% (BLS).Changing294 in totalN°101Construction equipment operator+4.6%jobs · USAThis job is hiring in the United States; its exposure to AI is low. AI exposure: very low according to the ILO, low according to the BLS. Employment change in the United States by 2035: +4.6% (BLS).Changing294 in totalN°157Car washer+3.9%jobs · USAThis job is hiring in the United States; its exposure to AI is low. AI exposure: very low according to the ILO, low according to the BLS. Employment change in the United States by 2035: +3.9% (BLS).Changing294 in totalN°94Emergency medical technician+5.8%jobs · USAThis job is hiring in the United States; its exposure to AI is low. AI exposure: very low according to the ILO, low according to the BLS. Employment change in the United States by 2035: +5.8% (BLS). Regulated profession: diplôme d'État d'ambulancier.Changing294 in totalN°97Roofer+5.3%jobs · USAThis job is hiring in the United States; its exposure to AI is low. AI exposure: very low according to the ILO, low according to the BLS. Employment change in the United States by 2035: +5.3% (BLS).Changing294 in totalN°154Laundry machine operator+4.3%jobs · USAThis job is hiring in the United States; its exposure to AI is low. AI exposure: very low according to the ILO, low according to the BLS. Employment change in the United States by 2035: +4.3% (BLS).Changing294 in totalN°153Pest control technician+4.7%jobs · USAThis job is hiring in the United States; its exposure to AI is low. AI exposure: very low according to the ILO, low according to the BLS. Employment change in the United States by 2035: +4.7% (BLS).Changing294 in totalN°156Farm machinery operator+4.4%jobs · USAThis job is hiring in the United States; its exposure to AI is low. AI exposure: very low according to the ILO, low according to the BLS. Employment change in the United States by 2035: +4.4% (BLS).Changing294 in totalN°148Glazier+4.1%jobs · USAThis job is hiring in the United States; its exposure to AI is low. AI exposure: very low according to the ILO, low according to the BLS. Employment change in the United States by 2035: +4.1% (BLS).Changing294 in totalN°158Specialised cleaner+4%jobs · USAThis job is hiring in the United States; its exposure to AI is low. AI exposure: very low according to the ILO, low according to the BLS. Employment change in the United States by 2035: +4% (BLS).Changing294 in totalN°150Glassmaker+4.8%jobs · USAThis job is hiring in the United States; its exposure to AI is low. AI exposure: very low according to the ILO, low according to the BLS. Employment change in the United States by 2035: +4.8% (BLS).Changing294 in totalN°149Potter+5.8%jobs · USAThis job is hiring in the United States; its exposure to AI is low. AI exposure: very low according to the ILO, low according to the BLS. Employment change in the United States by 2035: +5.8% (BLS).Changing294 in totalN°155Glass and ceramics plant operator+4%jobs · USAThis job is hiring in the United States; its exposure to AI is low. AI exposure: very low according to the ILO, low according to the BLS. Employment change in the United States by 2035: +4% (BLS).Changing294 in totalN°152Commercial diver+5%jobs · USAThis job is hiring in the United States; its exposure to AI is low. AI exposure: very low according to the ILO, low according to the BLS. Employment change in the United States by 2035: +5% (BLS).Changing294 in totalN°147House builder+3.9%jobs · USAThis job is hiring in the United States; its exposure to AI is low. AI exposure: very low according to the ILO, low according to the BLS. Employment change in the United States by 2035: +3.9% (BLS).Changing294 in totalN°161Cleaner+2.2%jobs · USAThis job is hiring in the United States; its exposure to AI is low. Among the largest recruiting occupations; physical tasks, little exposed.Changing294 in totalN°162Nursing assistant+2.6%jobs · USAThis job is hiring in the United States; its exposure to AI is low. Hands-on care; health aides remain stable, even among young workers (Stanford). Regulated profession: diplôme d'État d'aide-soignant (DEAS).Changing294 in totalN°207Building caretaker+3.2%jobs · USAThis job is hiring in the United States; its exposure to AI is low. AI exposure: low according to the ILO, low according to the BLS. Employment change in the United States by 2035: +3.2% (BLS).Changing294 in totalN°174Firefighter+3.7%jobs · USAThis job is hiring in the United States; its exposure to AI is low. AI exposure: very low according to the ILO, low according to the BLS. Employment change in the United States by 2035: +3.7% (BLS). Regulated profession: concours (France).Changing294 in totalN°168Welder+2.4%jobs · USAThis job is hiring in the United States; its exposure to AI is low. AI exposure: very low according to the ILO, low according to the BLS. Employment change in the United States by 2035: +2.4% (BLS).Changing294 in totalN°167Painter and decorator+3%jobs · USAThis job is hiring in the United States; its exposure to AI is low. AI exposure: very low according to the ILO, low according to the BLS. Employment change in the United States by 2035: +3% (BLS).Changing294 in totalN°216Packaging line operator+3.2%jobs · USAThis job is hiring in the United States; its exposure to AI is low. AI exposure: very low according to the ILO, low according to the BLS. Employment change in the United States by 2035: +3.2% (BLS).Changing294 in totalN°169Auto body repairer+3.7%jobs · USAThis job is hiring in the United States; its exposure to AI is low. AI exposure: very low according to the ILO, low according to the BLS. Employment change in the United States by 2035: +3.7% (BLS).Changing294 in totalN°175Refuse collector+2.1%jobs · USAThis job is hiring in the United States; its exposure to AI is low. AI exposure: very low according to the ILO, low according to the BLS. Employment change in the United States by 2035: +2.1% (BLS).Changing294 in totalN°197Ship's deck officer+3.7%jobs · USAThis job is hiring in the United States; its exposure to AI is low. AI exposure: very low according to the ILO, low according to the BLS. Employment change in the United States by 2035: +3.7% (BLS).Changing294 in totalN°213Spray painter+2.5%jobs · USAThis job is hiring in the United States; its exposure to AI is low. AI exposure: very low according to the ILO, low according to the BLS. Employment change in the United States by 2035: +2.5% (BLS).Changing294 in totalN°214Rigger+2.4%jobs · USAThis job is hiring in the United States; its exposure to AI is low. AI exposure: very low according to the ILO, low according to the BLS. Employment change in the United States by 2035: +2.4% (BLS).Changing294 in totalN°183Aquaculture or fisheries manager+3.8%jobs · USAThis job is hiring in the United States; its exposure to AI is low. AI exposure: very low according to the ILO, low according to the BLS. Employment change in the United States by 2035: +3.8% (BLS).Changing294 in totalN°176Plasterer, drywall installer+2.8%jobs · USAThis job is hiring in the United States; its exposure to AI is low. AI exposure: very low according to the ILO, low according to the BLS. Employment change in the United States by 2035: +2.8% (BLS).Changing294 in totalN°212Insulation installer+3.8%jobs · USAThis job is hiring in the United States; its exposure to AI is low. AI exposure: very low according to the ILO, low according to the BLS. Employment change in the United States by 2035: +3.8% (BLS).Changing294 in totalN°215Fruit and vegetable preserver+3.5%jobs · USAThis job is hiring in the United States; its exposure to AI is low. AI exposure: very low according to the ILO, low according to the BLS. Employment change in the United States by 2035: +3.5% (BLS).Changing294 in totalN°219Window cleaner+2.2%jobs · USAThis job is hiring in the United States; its exposure to AI is low. AI exposure: very low according to the ILO, low according to the BLS. Employment change in the United States by 2035: +2.2% (BLS).Changing294 in totalN°294Waste sorter+1.9%jobs · USAThis job is hiring in the United States; its exposure to AI is low. AI exposure: very low according to the ILO, low according to the BLS. Employment change in the United States by 2035: +1.9% (BLS).Changing294 in totalN°234Forklift operator+1.5%jobs · USAThis job is hiring in the United States; its exposure to AI is low. AI exposure: very low according to the ILO, low according to the BLS. Employment change in the United States by 2035: +1.5% (BLS). Regulated profession: certificat de conduite (CACES en France).Changing294 in totalN°283Rubber products operator+1.6%jobs · USAThis job is hiring in the United States; its exposure to AI is low. AI exposure: very low according to the ILO, low according to the BLS. Employment change in the United States by 2035: +1.6% (BLS).Changing294 in totalN°289Domestic cleaner+1.4%jobs · USAThis job is hiring in the United States; its exposure to AI is low. AI exposure: very low according to the ILO, low according to the BLS. Employment change in the United States by 2035: +1.4% (BLS).Changing294 in totalN°273Concrete worker+1.6%jobs · USAThis job is hiring in the United States; its exposure to AI is low. AI exposure: very low according to the ILO, low according to the BLS. Employment change in the United States by 2035: +1.6% (BLS).Changing294 in totalN°282Driller+1.6%jobs · USAThis job is hiring in the United States; its exposure to AI is low. AI exposure: very low according to the ILO, low according to the BLS. Employment change in the United States by 2035: +1.6% (BLS).Changing294 in totalN°270Fruit grower+1.3%jobs · USAThis job is hiring in the United States; its exposure to AI is low. AI exposure: very low according to the ILO, low according to the BLS. Employment change in the United States by 2035: +1.3% (BLS).Changing294 in totalN°287Crane operator+1.2%jobs · USAThis job is hiring in the United States; its exposure to AI is low. AI exposure: very low according to the ILO, low according to the BLS. Employment change in the United States by 2035: +1.2% (BLS).Changing294 in totalN°290Forestry labourer+0.5%jobs · USAThis job is hiring in the United States; its exposure to AI is low. AI exposure: very low according to the ILO, low according to the BLS. Employment change in the United States by 2035: +0.5% (BLS).Changing294 in totalN°285Boiler operator+1.1%jobs · USAThis job is hiring in the United States; its exposure to AI is low. AI exposure: very low according to the ILO, low according to the BLS. Employment change in the United States by 2035: +1.1% (BLS).Changing294 in totalN°222Mason+1.1%jobs · USAThis job is hiring in the United States; its exposure to AI is low. Manual work with strong, lasting shortages.Changing294 in totalN°274Facade cleaner and chimney sweep+1.8%jobs · USAThis job is hiring in the United States; its exposure to AI is low. AI exposure: very low according to the ILO, low according to the BLS. Employment change in the United States by 2035: +1.8% (BLS).Changing294 in totalN°288Deckhand+1.9%jobs · USAThis job is hiring in the United States; its exposure to AI is low. AI exposure: very low according to the ILO, low according to the BLS. Employment change in the United States by 2035: +1.9% (BLS).Changing294 in totalN°275Musical instrument maker+1.8%jobs · USAThis job is hiring in the United States; its exposure to AI is low. AI exposure: very low according to the ILO, low according to the BLS. Employment change in the United States by 2035: +1.8% (BLS).Changing294 in totalN°286Railway signaller+1.4%jobs · USAThis job is hiring in the United States; its exposure to AI is low. AI exposure: very low according to the ILO, low according to the BLS. Employment change in the United States by 2035: +1.4% (BLS).Changing294 in totalN°280Blaster0%jobs · USAThis job is hiring in the United States; its exposure to AI is low. AI exposure: very low according to the ILO, low according to the BLS. Employment change in the United States by 2035: 0% (BLS).Changing294 in totalN°281Mineral processing operator+0.2%jobs · USAThis job is hiring in the United States; its exposure to AI is low. AI exposure: very low according to the ILO, low according to the BLS. Employment change in the United States by 2035: +0.2% (BLS).Changing294 in totalN°291Fishery and aquaculture labourer+1.3%jobs · USAThis job is hiring in the United States; its exposure to AI is low. AI exposure: very low according to the ILO, low according to the BLS. Employment change in the United States by 2035: +1.3% (BLS).Changing294 in total
Selection: low or very low AI exposure and employment that is not declining. Ranking: employment outlook. Method
Frequently asked questions
Which jobs can AI not replace?
The least exposed jobs where employment is growing, such as dental assistant, physiotherapy assistant, aircraft mechanic, tile setter and general farm worker. They rely on physical presence, a technical skill or a human relationship.
How is AI exposure measured?
The ILO and the US Bureau of Labor Statistics assess, task by task, what generative AI can do. Job Arena uses the higher of the two.